How To Report Skewness And Kurtosis In Results Section

This paper uses a monte carlo method to.

How to report skewness and kurtosis in results section. Reporting results of common descriptive and inferential statistics in apa format the results sections of any manuscript apa format or non apa format are intended to report the quantitative and sometimes qualitative results of descriptive summaries and inferential tests performed to support or refute a hypothesis. Added clarifying notes here here here and here and corrected kurtosis to skewness here. The skewness is 0 06 and the kurtosis is 5 9. Cauchy distribution the third histogram is a sample from a cauchy distribution.

That is we would expect a skewness near zero and a kurtosis higher than 3. Two tailed p values are assumed. Here x is the. For this purpose we use other concepts known as skewness and kurtosis.

Kurtosis is a measure of whether the distribution is too peaked a very narrow distribution with most of the responses in the center hair et al 2017 p. When both skewness and kurtosis are zero a situation that researchers are very unlikely to ever encounter the pattern of responses is considered a normal distribution. If skewness is between 1 and 0 5 or between 0 5 and 1 the distribution is moderately skewed. Just like skewness kurtosis is a moment based measure and it is a central standardized moment.

Because it is the fourth moment kurtosis is always positive. Brought in westfall s observation that kurtosis is more about the tails than the central peak rewriting the opening paragraphs of the kurtosis section and adding a note after the sample graphs. Kurtosis tells you the height and sharpness of the central peak relative to that of a standard bell curve. Here x is the sample mean.

Kurtosis is sensitive to departures from normality on the tails. The third and fourth moments descriptors of skewness and kurtosis may be used to test the hypothesis that the sample came from a normal distribution. Because of the 4th power smaller values of centralized values y i µ in the above equation are greatly de emphasized. Omit the leading zero from p values correlation coefficients r partial eta squared ηp2 and.

Compared to the normal it has a stronger peak more rapid decay and heavier tails. Round as above unless spss gives a p value of 000. If skewness is between 0 5 and 0 5 the distribution is approximately symmetric. Report exact p values not p 05 even for non significant results.

Skewness and kurtosis in statistics the average and measure of dispersion can describe the distribution but they are not sufficient to describe the nature of the distribution.